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1553 |
Short Biography of Queen Elizabeth I
Date of Birth: Born on 7 September 1533
Place of Birth : Greenwich, England
Parents: Father: King Henry VIII of England
Mother:
Anne Boleyn
Half sister of King Edward VI
and Queen Mary I (Bloody Mary)
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1553 |
7 September: Elizabeth is born
at Greenwich, England |
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1556 |
May 15: Her mother, Anne
Boleyn tried for treason, adultery and incest
May 19: Anne Boleyn executed
on Tower Hill, London
May 30: King Henry VIII and Jane Seymour married
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1537 |
12 October: Jane Seymour dies
following the premature birth of her son, the future
King Edward VI
Princess Elizabeth is declared a bastard
Elizabeth leaves court for Hatfield House,
Hertfordshire where she spends her childhood
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1540 |
King Henry VIII marries Anne
of Cleves but the marriage is quickly annulled
July 28: 49 year old King Henry marries 19 year old
Catherine Howard ( who was a cousin of Anne Boleyn)
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1542 |
February 13: Catherine Howard
is executed for adultery greatly distressing the
nine-year-old Elizabeth
December 8 - Mary Stuart is
born at Linlithgow Palace the daughter of the son of
James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise.
Her grandmother was
Margaret Tudor ( sister of
King Henry VIII)
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1543 |
July 12 - King Henry
marries Katherine Parr his sixth and last wife |
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1547 |
January 28: King Henry VIII
the father of Queen Elizabeth I dies on
Edward VI (Henry's son by
Jane Seymour) becomes King of England
Princess Elizabeth lives
with her stepmother Katherine Parr and her new
husband Thomas Seymour
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1548 |
Elizabeth leaves Katherine
Parr's household under questionable circumstances
because of rumors of an affair with Thomas Seymour
Katherine Parr dies in
childbirth
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1551 |
Princess Elizabeth returns to
the court of her half-brother, the young king |
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1553 |
July 6: The young King Edward
VI dies of tuberculosis leaving the throne to 'the
Lady Jane and her heirs male' breaking English Law
(Act of Succession) and going against the wishes of
his dead father July
10: Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England
July 19: Queen Jane deposed as Queen
July 6: - Mary, the
daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, and
half-sister of Elizabeth is proclaimed Queen Mary I
of England
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1554 |
February 12: Lady Jane Grey
and her husband Guildford Dudley executed at the
Tower of London
Queen Mary marries Philip II of Spain
Protestant rebellion, led by Sir Thomas Wyatt the
YoungerMar 18: Mary
has Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London for
eight weeks on false charges
May 19: Princess Elizabeth released from the Tower
of London and moves to Woodstock
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1555 |
England returns to Roman
Catholicism and Protestants are persecuted and 300
are burnt at the stake leads to Queen Mary I
being called Bloody Mary
Philip II returns to Spain after the phantom
pregnancy of Mary his wife
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1558 |
November 17: Death of Queen
Mary I November 17:
Elizabeth succeeds her Catholic sister Mary I as
Queen of England and re-establishes the Protestant
Anglican Church
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|
1559 |
Jan 13: She is crowned
Queen of England
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1560 |
Jul. 6: Treaty of Edinburgh
between England, France, and Scotland
Sep 8: Amy Robsart, the wife of Robert Dudley (the
great favorite of the Queen), is found dead at
the foot of the stairs in her home, Cumnor Place,
Oxford. Dudley is suspected of murder
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1561 |
August 19: Return of Mary
Stuart ( Mary Queen of Scots ) to Scotland
September 20: Treaty signed at Hampton Court
,Elizabeth pledges support of the French Huguenots
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1562 |
Queen Elizabeth almost dies of
Smallpox |
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1563 |
Establishment of the Anglican
Church
Outbreak of the the Black Death ( Bubonic
Plague )
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1564 |
The Queen takes share of
profit from John Hawkins slave trade |
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1565 |
Mary Queen of Scots marries
her 19-year-old cousin Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley;
aged 22 |
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1566 |
March 9: The Murder of David
Rizzio, secretary of Mary Queen of Scots
June 19: Mary Queen of Scots
only child is born (James who would later become
king of Scotland and England)
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1567 |
February 10: Murder of Lord
Darnley, husband of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots marries
the Earl of Bothwell causing a rebellion in Scotland
July 24: Mary of Scots
abdicates and her baby son, James, becomes King
James VI, King of Scotland
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1568 |
The Catholic Mary Queen of
Scots flees to England and is imprisoned by
Elizabeth I at Fotheringay Castle as a Catholic
threat to her throne
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1569 |
The Nevilles of Durham and
Percys of Northumberland plot to overthrow Elizabeth
and reinstate Roman Catholicism in “The Rising of
the North” but she exonerates Mary Queen of
Scots from the charges made against her
Pope Pius V backs the Catholic
rebels increasing distrust of Catholics
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1570 |
The excommunication of Queen
Elizabeth I by the Catholic Church |
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1571 |
January 2: Marriage
negotiations between Elizabeth and Henry, Duke of
Anjou, which eventually fail
February 25: Sir William
Cecil is created Lord Burghley
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1572 |
August 24: St Bartholomew's
Day massacre where French Protestants were massacred
by French Catholics in Paris cause panic in England
with fears of a Catholic invasion
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1573 |
Sir Francis Drake captures a
shipment of silver destined for Spain
December 21: Sir Francis Walsingham appointed
Secretary of State and becomes chief spy master in
England
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1575 |
November 14: The Queen of
England declines to accept the sovereignty of the
Netherlands |
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1577 |
Alliance between England and
Netherlands and Francis Drake sets sails for his
round the world voyage
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1578 |
September 21: Robert Dudley
secretly marries Lady Lettice Knollys and is
banished from court |
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1579 |
June 17: Sir Francis Drake
claims England’s sovereignty over New Albion
(California)
October 7: The Privy Council fail to support Queen
Elizabeth in the marriage treaty with the Duke of
Anjou
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1580 |
September 26: Francis
Drake returns to England in triumph |
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1581 |
March 18: English Parliament
passes strict legislation against Roman Catholics
with heavy fines for hearing Mass
May 4: Francis Drake is
knighted
November 7: A marriage
treaty between Queen Elizabeth and the Duke of Anjou
is signed
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1584 |
William of Orange is murdered
and England sends aid to the Netherlands
March 25: Sir Walter Raleigh
receives the patent to explore and settle in North
America
June 4: Virginia colony of
Roanoke Island established by Sir Walter Raleigh
June 15: Francis, Duke of
Anjou dies
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1585 |
August 14: Queen Elizabeth
declines offers by the Dutch commission for
sovereignty of the Low Countries but issues a
declaration taking the Netherlands under her
protection
December 8: Lord Robert Dudley leads the English
army to fight the Spanish forces who are occupying
the Netherlands
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1586 |
The Babbington Plot , a
conspiracy against Elizabeth I involving Mary Queen
of Scots. The leader of the plot was Anthony
Babbington July 1:
Treaty of Berwick - Queen Elizabeth and King James
VI of Scotland form a league of amity
October 25: Mary Queen of
Scots is convicted of involvement in the Babbington
plot
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1587 |
February 8: Execution of Mary
Queen of Scots War
with Spain which continues until 1603
April 19: Sir Francis Drake
destroys the Spanish fleet at Cadiz
June 18: Queen Elizabeth
appoints Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, as her
Master of the Horse
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1588 |
August 8: The Spanish Armada
of 132 ships is defeated by the English fleet of 34
ships and 163 armed merchant vessels led by Lord
Howard of Effingham, Sir Francis Drake, and Sir John
Hawkins
September 4: Lord Robert
Dudley dies
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1593 |
London Theatres,
including the Globe, close due to the Bubonic Plague
(The Black Death)
Penalties are proposed for people who refuse to
attend Church of England services and to make it a
crime to attend Catholic services
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1596 |
English fleet under the Earl
of Essex and Lord Howard of Effingham capture
Spanish Cadiz |
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1597 |
Irish rebellion under Hugh
O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone (finally put down 1601)
King Philip II of Spain sends
a second armada against England but a storm scatters
his ships
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1599 |
The Queen's favourite
Robert, Earl of Essex was placed in charge of a
large English army to suppress Irish rebels but
Essex signs an unauthorized truce with the Earl of
Tyrone. He is then
deprived of his titles and arrested
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1600 |
Queen Elizabeth I grants
charter to East India Company |
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1601 |
Elizabethan Poor Law charges
the parishes with providing for the needy
Robert, Earl of Essex attempts
rebellion which fails
February 25: Robert
Devereux (1566-1601), Earl of Essex is executed on
Tower Green, the Queen never gets over his treachery
and death
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1603 |
Queen Elizabeth dies on 24
March 1603 of of blood poisoning. She is succeeded
by James I of England, James VI of Scotland,
(great-grandson of Henry VIII) |
