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|
Bronze Age, Iron Age and Dark
Ages - The
ancient culture of the Celts had settled in many
European countries including France
As a Nation State, the united
country of Germany did not exist until 1871 and
prior to this was made up of individual territories
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768 |
768-814 - Charlemagne rules as
King of the Franks and is crowned as Holy Roman
Emperor |
|
870 |
Formation of the duchies of
Franconia, Saxony, Bavaria and Lorraine |
|
919 |
919 - 1024 The Saxon dynasty
rule Germany |
|
1024 |
1024-1255 - The Salian dynasty
rules the Germans |
|
1099 |
First Crusade ( The People's
Crusade). Jerusalem is
re-taken from the Muslims on the urging of Pope
Urban II. 1st Crusade led by Count Raymond IV of
Toulouse and proclaimed by many wandering preachers,
notably Peter the Hermit
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|
1118 |
The Knights Templar founded to
protect Jerusalem and European pilgrims on their
journey to the city |
|
1138 |
1138 -1254 - The Hohenstaufen
dynasty |
|
1147 |
Second Crusade led by Holy
Roman Emperor Conrad III and by King Louis VII of
France |
|
1190 |
Third Crusade 3rd Crusade led
by Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of
France, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. Saladin manages
to unite the Muslim world and recapture Jerusalem,
sparking the fourth Crusade
|
|
1200 |
Fourth Crusade and the
French/Flemish advanced on Constantinople but the
Christians fail to recapture Jerusalem
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|
1212 |
The Children's Crusade led by
a French peasant boy, Stephen of Cloyes |
|
1270 |
Other crusades follow
including the eighth crusade led by Louis IX of
France - but the armies still fail to capture
Jerusalem
|
|
1273 |
Rudolf of Hapsburg crowned
king of the Germans |
|
1348 |
The Black Death ravages Europe
for the first of many times. An estimated one third
of the population is thought to have perished within
the first year
|
|
1499 |
Switzerland breaks away from
the German empire |
|
1517 |
Martin Luther initiates the
Reformation |
|
1546 |
1546-1547: Emperor Charles V
defeats the Protestant princes and allies |
|
1555 |
The Peace of Augsburg where
the princes determine the religion of their
territories |
|
1618 |
1618 - 1648: The Thirty Years
War ending with the Peace of Westphalia |
|
1701 |
Frederick crowned the first
king of Prussia |
|
1740 |
1740 - 1748: The War of
Austrian Succession |
|
1806 |
The Confederation of the Rhine
was established by Napoleon Bonaparte |
|
1806 |
Prussia declared war on France
and was defeated by Napoleon Bonaparte |
|
1813 |
The Prussians helped defeat
Napoleon Bonaparte at Leipzig |
|
1814 |
1814-1815: Congress of Vienna
establishes the German Confederation of 39
independent German states
|
|
1815 |
Napoleon was defeated at
Waterloo |
|
1862 |
Otto von Bismarck appointed
prime minister of Prussia |
|
1870 |
Franco-Prussian War |
|
1871 |
January: Germany
captures Paris |
|
1871 |
18 January: Wilhelm I was
crowned the first Kaiser of the German Empire
uniting all of the German states
|
|
1914 |
28 June - Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife were
assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina
provoking WW1
August: Germany declares war on Russia and France.
The United Kingdom declares war on Germany
|
|
1918 |
9 November: Germany was
declared a republic |
|
1918 |
11 November: The Treaty of
Versailles ends World War I and the Rhineland was
placed under Allied occupation for 15 years
|
|
1919 |
19 January: A national
assembly meets in Weimar to write a new German
Constitution - called the Weimar Republic
|
|
1923 |
The National Socialist German
Workers Party (Nazis) attempt an unsuccessful armed
rebellion led by Adolf Hitler
|
|
1933 |
Hindenburg appoints Adolf
Hitler as the chancellor and Nazi Germany begin
persecuting Jews |
|
1934 |
Adolf Hitler declared himself
der Fuhrer. The Nazi German government is called the
Third Reich |
|
1938 |
10 April: Germany annexes
Austria |
|
1939 |
16 March: Germany occupies
Czechoslovakia |
|
1939 |
1 September: Germany invades
Poland starting World War II |
|
1940 |
Germany captures Denmark,
Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and
Luxembourg. The Allies including Russia, UK and USA
retaliate
|
|
1945 |
30 April: Adolf Hitler commits
suicide
August: The United States dropped atomic bombs on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
7 May: Germany surrenders
June: Germany divided into four zones of military
occupation (United States, the United Kingdom,
France, and the Soviet Union)
|
|
1949 |
May: The Allies approve a
constitution for western Germany (Federal Republic
of Germany) and East Germany adopts a
Communist-prepared constitution
October - The German
Democratic Republic was formed (East Germany)
|
|
1955 |
5 May: West Germany obtains
independence |
|
1961 |
August: The Berlin Wall was
built |
|
1989 |
9 November: The Berlin Wall
demolished and Communist East Germans were able to
travel to the West of Germany
|
|
1990 |
3 October - East and
West Germany was reunited. |
